Autofocus time management system -- 選択・集中時間管理術

Autofucus Systemをぼちぼち訳していくつもり。

Quick Start まで、訳出完了。

What can you expect from the system?
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This is based purely on my own experience of working the system for a number of weeks, but what I have found is as follows:
http://www.markforster.net/autofocus-system

この方法でできること

これはわたしが実際に数週間ためした方法です。そしてこんなことがわかりました。

A greatly increased volume of work. I have found that I am able to process work much faster. This seems to be mainly due to the fact that there is very little friction in the way of resistance or procrastination.

仕事の生産性が大幅に向上。ずっと早く仕事ができるようになっていることがわかりました。立ち向かい方や先延ばしの仕方に、ほとんどひっかかりがないためだとおもいます。

A lack of stress. Although obviously one still has to do the work, there are no great barriers of resistance to overcome or feelings of overwhelm. In fact just about all my work has become pleasurable. The more I’ve learned to trust the system, the more this has been the case.

ストレスなし。誰しもせねばならない仕事があるものです。でも乗り越えるための抵抗感や圧倒されるような感覚といった障壁はほとんど感じません。実際、わたしは、仕事がすべて楽しくなりました。この方法を信頼するにつれ、よりあてはまるようになりました。

Focus on what is important. It’s very difficult to focus on what is important with one’s rational mind alone, because what your conscious mind thinks is important may not be what your subconscious mind thinks is important. What I’ve found is that looking back on what I’ve done I can see that the focus produced by the system feels “right” - right for me in my current circumstances.

重要なことに集中。大事なことに理性だけで集中するのは困難です。意識が大事だとおもうことが、無意識にとっても大事なことと同じではないからです。この方法を通じてできたことを振り返ってみると、「正しい」ことが選択されていたとわかりました。現在の環境でわたしにとって正しいことが、です。

Very fast processing of routine actions. My speed at doing various essential routine tasks has increased exponentially. The sort of things I am thinking of are replying to emails, answering comments on my blog, returning phone calls, etc. etc.

ルーチンワークが高速に。基本的なルーチンワークが指数関数的に早くこなせるようになりました。どんなものかといえば、メールへの返信、ブログコメントへの応答、電話のかけなおし、などです。

Thorough processing of major tasks and projects. The system encourages a “little and often” approach to major tasks. The result is that a project, such as setting up this trial, can be dealt with over a period of time in a very methodical way. One other result of the “little and often” approach is that ideas and insights naturally spring up as a result of one’s mind engaging with the task over a period of time.

主な作業や仕事をすべて実行。この方法をつかうと「ちょっとずつ、頻繁に」仕事をするようになります。結果として、たとえばこの方法を試しに使ってみるといったプロジェクトは、機械的に長期間実施することになります。さらに、「ちょっとずつ頻繁に」することで、アイデアや洞察がごく自然にわきあがるようになります。心で仕事にずっと向かい合うことになるからだとおもいます。

Quick Start
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The system consists of one long list of everything that you have to do, written in a ruled notebook (25-35 lines to a page ideal). As you think of new items, add them to the end of the list. You work through the list one page at a time in the following manner:

はじめかた

罫線つきノート (ページあたり25から35行が理想的) に、すべきことをの長いリストを書きます。思いついたあたらしいことはリストの末尾に書きくわえます。そしてつぎの仕方で、一ページごと取り組んでいくのです。

Read quickly through all the items on the page without taking action on any of them.

Go through the page more slowly looking at the items in order until one stands out for you.

Work on that item for as long as you feel like doing so

Cross the item off the list, and re-enter it at the end of the list if you haven’t finished it

Continue going round the same page in the same way. Don’t move onto the next page until you complete a pass of the page without any item standing out

Move onto the next page and repeat the process

If you go to a page and no item stands out for you on your first pass through it, then all the outstanding items on that page are dismissed without re-entering them. (N.B. This does not apply to the final page, on which you are still writing items). Use a highlighter to mark dismissed items.

Once you’ve finished with the final page, re-start at the first page that is still active.

最初のページの全項目をざっと眺めます。まだ手をつけてはいけませんよ！
つぎにゆっくり、順番にページ内の項目をたどります。すると、どれかが際立って見えてくるはず。
納得がいくまで、その項目に取り組みます。
チェックマークを入れてリストから項目を消します。し終えていない項目だったら、リストの末尾に書きくわえなおしてください。
同様に最初のページに取り組んでください。ページの項目をすべて処理し終えるまで、つまり、気になる項目が残っている間は次のページに移ってはいけませんよ！
最初のページが終わったら次のページに移って、同様に繰り返します。
ページをざっとチェックして気になる項目が無いとき、このような目立たない項目はリストに加えなおさずに消してしまいましょう (注意: 書きかけのリストのある最終ページは例外です)。消去項目はマーカーでハイライトしておきます。
リストの最終ページまで終わったら、項目が残っている最初のページに戻ります。

Each of these steps is explained in more detail below, but I suggest you get going now and read the rest of the instructions later. Don’t forget to put “Read the rest of the instructions” as one of your tasks. You don’t need a huge number of tasks to start with, just add tasks as you think of them or they come up.

以下に、各ステップを詳述しますが、まず、たった今から試してみることをおすすめします。そして続きはあとで読んでください。「詳細の続きを読む」ことをリストに追加することをお忘れなく！最初は大きなリストにしなくていいですよ。思いついた時々に書きくわえればいいのですから。

Full Instructions
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As you think of new items, add them to the end of the list.
One of the characteristics of this system is that you can chuck anything at it. I recommend that you enter everything that comes to mind without trying to evaluate. The system itself will do the evaluation.

Read quickly through all the items on the page without taking action on any of them.
A quick read through the page allows your mind to start processing the items without pressure.

Go through the page more slowly looking at the items in order until one stands out for you.
This is the heart of the system. Don’t try to prioritise items mentally - this will interfere with the balance between the rational and intuitive parts of your mind. Instead wait for a feeling of release about an item. It’s hard to describe but easy to recognise. You just feel that the item is ready to be done. If you go on down the page, you may find that you feel drawn back to that item. Once you get that feeling about a task all resistance to doing the task vanishes, and it becomes easy to do.

Work on that item for as long as you feel like doing so
Don’t force yourself to continue working on the item for longer than you feel right doing so. This system encourages a “little and often” approach. Once you feel you’ve done enough, stop.

Cross the item off the list, and re-enter it at the end of the list if you haven’t finished it
Actually it’s better to re-enter it first and then cross the item off because then you are less likely to lose your place, but I have to admit I’m not very good at remembering to do it in that order. Re-entry of items is an essential part of the system. You should re-enter everything which is done on a recurring basis (e.g. e-mail, paper, exercise), everything you are still working on (e.g. draft article or report), everything which needs follow up (e.g. Mike replied to email yet?), and extended tasks like reading a book, magazine or journal. You may also need to enter next steps or follow-up items. I find that about half to two-thirds of my tasks require re-entry in one form or another.

Continue going round the same page in the same way. Don’t move onto the next page until you complete a pass of the page without any item standing out
Treating each page as a unit allows you to get the benefit of “structured procrastination”, which is based on the fact that procrastination is relative. In other words any task becomes easy if it is a choice between doing it or another harder task.

Move onto the next page and repeat the process
You may find that you pass through a page very quickly or spend a considerable time working your way round it. Either way is fine - just let the “standing out” method guide you.

If you go to a page and no item stands out for you on your first pass through it, then all the outstanding items on that page are dismissed without re-entering them. Use your highlighter to mark dismissed items.
This is where the system finally gets rid of all the items which you entered without evaluation, but which the system has sifted and found wanting. This may happen very quickly (for instance if you have entered a long list of books you are thinking of reading), but more usually quite slowly.
Please take the rule not to re-enter these items seriously. It doesn’t mean you can never re-enter them, but you should let some time pass before you do and consider carefully why they were rejected, whether they really need to be done at all, whether the time is ripe for them to be done, whether they distract from your main goals, and any other factors. When you do re-enter a dismissed item, it is often best to break it down or re-phrase it in some way.
Highlighting rejected items helps you to review them easily.
Remember that this rule does not apply to the page on which you are still writing items (i.e. the last page).

Once you’ve finished with the last page, re-start at the first page that is still active.
I mark pages that are no longer active with a cross at the top outside corner of the page, and put a circle round the cross when there are no active pages before that page. That makes it easy to find the first active page. You may find the number of active pages varies considerably from time to time. At the time of writing I have nine, but it’s varied from three or four up to fifteen.

This system can be quite addictive (at least that’s what I’ve found) so you may find it a good idea to set strict working hours. Stop dead when the time is up, and start again at the same place when it’s time to start again. I admit I am not very good at following this advice myself!

Backlogs
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You may already have some backlogs of work when you start this system. If you have a backlog of tasks then I recommend you enter all the tasks into the system in one go and let it sift them. If you find some of them end up being rejected then you need to ask serious questions about whether they really need doing at all.
However with backlogs of email and paper there is a danger that a large backlog may get in the way of the efficient processing of newly arriving emails and papers. So I recommend moving your backlog(s) into separate folders and having tasks called “Email Backlog” and/or “Paper Backlog” as well as the standard “Clear Email” and “Clear Intray”.

Why it works
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The system works by providing a framework which balances the rational and intuitive parts of the brain.
If we try to run our lives with our rational brain only, we will tend to make plans which are subverted by our own minds because our minds don’t work on purely rational grounds. Most of us have experienced occasions on which we know (with our rational brain) that we would be better served to do certain things, but nevertheless our natural inclination is to reject them.
On the other hand, if we try to run our lives by following our natural inclinations only we will have a strong tendency to drift, become impulsive and act irrationally.
However when these two ways of thinking are in balance we are able to make rational decisions which are fully in accord with our deeper feelings and emotions. The Autofocus system provides a framework which enables this. Although I talk about “the system” making the choices, what I really mean is that the system provides a framework which allows us to make these balanced decisions ourselves in a non-stressful way.

Dos and Don’ts
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DO trust the system. Because of the way it is structured it will help you to produce better decisions than you would unaided.
DO use common sense. If something comes up which needs doing immediately, do it immediately.
DON’T try to pre-edit what you put into the system. If you do, you will be using a less efficient means of prioritising than the system itself.
DO expect things to move at different rates. Some things will move fast, some slowly, some will stop for a period, and some will be rejected altogether. This is how it’s supposed to work.
DON’T use this system for things which need to be done at specific times of day. These might include preparing meals, music practice, shutting up shop, etc.
DO read through all the outstanding items on your list when you come back to it after an extended break. This will help your mind to get an overview of what needs to be done.
DON’t forget to put follow-ups and reminders into the system. These are an essential way of keeping track of your work.
DO include plenty of creative tasks such as “Think about…”, “Investigate…”; “Discuss…”; “Review…”
DO put the date next to the first item you add each day. Although not essential to the system, it helps you to monitor progress.
DON’T leave your list without some means of recording ideas and tasks which come into your mind.
DO use some means of bringing forward tasks which can only be done at a future date (Tickler file, Outlook reminders, Calendar, etc.)
DO use a separate notebook and list for each location, e.g. Home, Workplace.